The term “matrix” refers to a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns. A simple example is a 2×2 matrix used to represent a transformation in two-dimensional space. These arrays provide a structured way to organize and manipulate data in diverse fields.
Matrices are fundamental tools in mathematics, physics, computer science, and engineering. Their importance stems from their ability to represent linear transformations and systems of equations concisely. Historically, the concept emerged from the study of determinants in the 18th century, evolving into the modern matrix notation used today. This mathematical structure underpins algorithms in machine learning, computer graphics rendering, and solving complex engineering problems.