From a Christian perspective, the period before the arrival of Jesus is understood as a time when humanity lived under the weight of sin inherited from Adam and Eve’s disobedience. Without the possibility of atonement through Christ’s sacrifice, those who died were separated from God’s presence. This state of separation is often described as Sheol or Hades in the Old Testament and New Testament, respectively, generally understood as a realm of the dead.
Understanding this theological concept provides insight into core Christian doctrines concerning salvation, the nature of sin, and the unique role of Jesus in bridging the gap between humanity and God. This question has been a central point of theological discussion and has shaped the development of Christian thought throughout history. It also sheds light on the historical and cultural context in which Christianity emerged and evolved.